Guide Objections

[Courts]

INTRODUCTION
These are the established objections of the Court of the Commonwealth of Redmont that are established through court policy, unless otherwise codified within law. It is important that lawyers and any player who is objecting to a remark made by the opposing party or to a question posed to a witness, use this guide.

Objections are on a per matter issue. One Objection and one Counter is allowed per matter. Any new objections that are raised must be its own individual matter. Such as perjury in an objection or counter objection.

Any objection regarding witness testimony may have new evidence provided with the objection so long as it is relevant to refuting the testimony. The evidence being permitted is at discretion of the Presiding Officer.

OBJECTIONS
The following objections are permitted:

Objection​	Definition​	Exceptions​
Breach of Procedure	Occurs when a party violates court procedures, policies, or prior directions from the presiding judge.	Nil.
Relevance	Occurs when evidence presented is not relevant to the case, or a witness is asked an irrelevant question.	Nil.
Improper Evidence	Refers to evidence that is improperly collected, possibly altered, or presented inappropriately (e.g., new evidence introduced during closing statements).	New evidence may be allowed in closing statements at the judge's discretion, but it is generally not permitted.
Speculation	Arises when a witness testifies about something they have not directly observed. Witnesses should only provide testimony about their own direct experiences and thoughts.	Expert witnesses may have greater leeway in this area.
Hearsay	Occurs when a witness testifies about statements made by others to prove the truth of those statements.	Hearsay is permissible if it relates to a person's reputation, character, or is an admission by the opposing party.
Perjury	When a witness intentionally lies or misrepresents facts under oath. Proof of perjury should be presented with the objection.	Nil.
Asked and Answered	Happens when a witness has already answered a question multiple times, and the same question is asked again, perhaps with slight variations.	Nil.
Arguing with the Witness	Occurs when a party is hostile towards or arguing with a witness's testimony.	If a party suspects perjury, they should file a motion to impeach the witness instead. Impeachment refers to the process of challenging the credibility or reliability of a witness’s testimony in court, not political impeachment.
Leading Questions	Involves questions that suggest the desired answer or include information the examiner seeks to confirm.	Nil.
Compound Question	A question that includes multiple inquiries, which can confuse the witness. If the objection is sustained, the question must be rephrased into separate questions.	Nil.
Ambiguous	When a question is unclear or imprecise, making it difficult for the witness to answer accurately.	Nil.
Calls for a conclusion	Occurs when a question seeks an opinion rather than factual information.	Nil.
Non-responsive	When a witness's answer does not address the question asked or fails to provide any response.	Nil.
Narrative	When a witness provides a lengthy or detailed story in response to a question that does not require one.	Not all responses are susceptible to this objection; narrative responses can be appropriate, especially in direct examination.
Nothing pending	When a witness continues discussing irrelevant matters after answering the question.	Nil.
Incompetent	When a witness lacks the qualifications or expertise to answer a question.	Nil.
Assumes facts not in evidence	When a question presumes something as true that has not been established by evidence.	Nil.
Argumentative	When a question is phrased as an argument rather than a genuine inquiry.	Nil.
Foundation	When a question relates to matters that have not been established as within the witness’s personal knowledge.	If the opposing party establishes the witness’s knowledge through further questioning, the objection may be overruled.
Counsel is testifying	Used when counsel's behavior mimics testifying rather than questioning, often overlapping with objections like 'leading,' 'argumentative,' or 'assumes facts not in evidence.'	Nil.
Inflammatory	When a question is intended to provoke prejudice or emotional response rather than seek factual information.	Nil.
Fruit of the poisonous tree	Refers to evidence obtained illegally, or through illegal methods.	May be circumvented if the evidence was obtained through inevitable discovery.
Privilege	When a witness is legally protected from answering a question due to confidentiality or other legal protections.	Nil.
Badgering	Occurs when counsel is antagonizing the witness, either by asking questions without allowing answers or by mocking the witness.	Nil.

FORMAT

<Emblem>

IN THE DISTRICT/FEDERAL/SUPREME COURT OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF REDMONT
OBJECTION - <TYPE>

<Reasons>​

IN THE FEDERAL COURT OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF REDMONT
OBJECTION - RELEVANCE

This evidence is not relevant to the issue at hand because it does not pertain to the facts of the case.​

ANSWER TO THE OBJECTION

The opposing party may answer the objection within 24 HOURS. The opposing party may answer to the objection without asking for permission from the presiding Judge.